旅店室内空气甲醛污染对从业人员健康影响的调查报告

本文以甲醛平均浓度为０．０５８ｍｇ／ｍ３的高级宾馆为接触组和平均浓度为０．０２０ｍｇ／ｍ３的普通招待所为对照组，对其从业人员的健康状况进行调查比较，结果表明：接触组的眼、鼻、咽刺激征、呼吸道症状、头晕、疲劳感、皮肤干燥、月经不调、多汗等自觉症状阳性检出率明显高于对照组，差异具有显著性。提示，旅店业甲醛污染对从业人员健康的影响不能忽视。改善室内环境、降低空气中甲醛浓度，对于保护人体健康具有重要意义。     

丙酸睾丸酮加强米非司酮终止50～68天早孕的研究

为探讨丙酸睾丸酮(简称丙睾)加强米非司酮终止50～68天早孕的作用,本文以68例丙睾、米非司酮、卡孕栓(PG05)药物流产为加丙睾组,30例米非司酮、卡孕栓药物流产为对照组,比较其临床效果及药效机制。临床两组间比较,加丙睾组完全流产率95.59%,对照组为76.67%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01),加丙睾组流产后出血天数为11.17天,对照组15.39天,少于对照组(P<0.05)。从流产物病理及组化改变上观察,对照组有绒毛水肿、滋养层细胞变性、坏死,周围有糖蛋白包绕,蜕膜轻度坏死。加丙睾组除有上述绒毛病变外,突出的改变是蜕膜细胞连同滋养层柱细胞大量坏死,残存的蜕膜细胞间的胶原纤维肿胀、变性,并有网状纤维破坏。结果显示序贯应用该三种药,对终止50～68天早孕确有高效。并皆作用于受体,系分子水平药物,有广阔发展前景。     

COPD患者营养状况与生活质量的关系

观察５６例男性慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者的体检营养指标，并分析其与生活质量的关系，实测体重占理想体重的百分比和生活质量测评表中的日常生活能力，社会活动情况，抑郁心理障碍等项评分有显著相关性（Ｐ〈０．０５），上臂中点肌肉臂围与日常生活能力和社会活动情况的评分的相关也有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示改善ＣＯＰＤ患者的营养状况对提高生活质量有重要意义。     

Relative weight of glucose, insulin and parathyroid hormone in the urinary loss of phosphate by chronically diabetic rats

This report deals with the relationships between glucose (G) and insulin on the tubular transport of phosphate (P) in chronically diabetic rats with high plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Alloxan-induced diabetes leads to phosphorus depletion of the soft tissues. This phenomenon appears associated with weight loss and negative P balances caused by the increased urinary P excretion. Administration of 2 IU of insulin/100 g body weight (bw) to diabetic rats normalized their P balance and body weight. The effect of parathyroid function on the P metabolism of diabetic rats was investigated with balance experiments. Diabetic rats, intact or thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX), have a greater urinary excretion of P than their controls. However, in control rats, the ratio intact:TPTX for urinary P is 1.0:0.76, showing the antiphosphaturic effect of parathyroid ablation. For diabetic animals, on the other hand, the ratio is 1.0:1.44. The simultaneous deficit of insulin and PTH thus quadruples the urinary P loss, instead of compensating for each other. The contribution of insulin deficit and hyperglycemia to the defect in tubular reabsorption (TRP) was investigated with clearance experiments (done on anesthetized, perfused rats). Five experimental groups were used: Controls (C), diabetics (D), controls+glucose (C+G), diabetics+insulin (D+I) and diabetics+insulin+glucose (D+I+G). All experimental groups showed a linear relationship between the TRP of P and G. The regression equation for C is significantly different (F=40.1, P<0.001) from that of D animals. The slope value measure the number of μmoles of P per μmol of G reabsorbed. For C and D rats, the ratio P:G approximates 1:4 and 1:20, respectively. The increase in P:G ratios represents the competition between both substrates for tubular resorption. Glycemias up to 11 mM (C and D+I) exist concurrent with the P:G ratio 1:4. Glycemias above 25 mM (D, C+G and D+I+G) produce a P:G ratio of 1:20. Fractional excretion of P (FEP) increased significantly in untreated, chronically diabetic rats (0.47± 0.12 vs controls=0.05±0.01, P<0.001). After a single intramuscular injection of insulin, the FEP decreased as a function of insulin levels. To normalize the FEP of diabetic rats in short-term experiments, insulin had to be administered in doses that produce plasma insulin levels 25 times greater than normal. The general information afforded by the present experiments shows that in untreated, chronically diabetic rats, insulin deficit plays an indirect role. The absence of PTH enhances the effect of hyperglycemia. The latter and the concurrent tubular overload of glucose are the cause of hyperphosphaturia in these animals. Received: 10 September 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 18 April 1997     

Effect of electrical cutaneous stimulation on the level of succinate dehydrogenase activation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in response to sensory stimulation

It is shown that the rise of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus depends on the number of sensory stimuli presented before decapitation, which correlates with changes in the efficiency of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal sections from the same animal. Electrocutaneous stimulation potentiates the activation of succinate dehydrogenase induced by sensory stimulation probably due to enhanced glutamate release. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 404–407, April, 1997     

Influence of elevated pH levels on structural and functional characteristics of the human zona pellucida: Functional morphological aspects

Purpose A total of 86 fresh and salt-stored immature human oocytes derived from postmortem ovarian tissue were used for this study.Methods Oocytes were randomly incubated either in synthetic human tubal fluid medium (untreated zonae) or in a chemically defined medium (treated zonae).Results Sperm binding experiments using hemizona assay conditions exhibited a 10-fold increased binding of sperm to treated compared to untreated oocytes (272.7±43 versus 24.3±15 sperm bound, respectively; P<0.0001). pH recordings during incubation showed elevated pH levels of 8.1 compared to pH 7.2 among treated and untreated zonae, respectively. Ultrastructural examination showed a spongy appearance of the surface of treated zonae, whereas untreated zonae appeared compact with smooth surface.Conclusions The marked increase in sperm binding among treated zonae, together with the ultrastructural findings, suggest that the altered zona surface enhances sperm binding. The physiological maturational process of the zona pellucida might be manipulated in vitro, thus increasing sperm binding to the zona.Presented at the IXth World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization and Alternate Assisted Reproduction, April 3–7, 1995. Vienna, Austria.     

甲状腺机能亢进症辨证分型与甲皱微循环及TT_3、TT_4、FT_4I和吸~(131)碘率的关系

对甲状腺机能亢进症(甲亢)患者进行了临床辨证分型,同步观察甲皱微循环及检测TT_3 TT_4 FT_4I、吸~(131)碘率,探讨它们之间的关系。结果表明甲亢患者微循环积分明显高于对照组(P<0.01),但不同类型甲亢的血淤情况亦不相同。心肝火旺型的微循环积分低于气滞痰凝型和血瘀型,但TT_3、TT_4、FT_4I明显增高;气滞痰凝型居中;血淤型的微循环积分明显增高,但TT_3、TT_4、FT_4I低于其他两型。吸~(131)碘率三型间无差异(P>0.05)。     

小鼠卵细胞质内显微注入单精子受精的实验研究

为了探讨提高小鼠卵细胞质内单精子注入受精率的方法，选取鼠龄１２－１４周的健康昆明白小鼠作为精子和卵子的供体，受用ＩＣＳＩ技术，以受精后二细胞卵裂的形成率为指标，了解不同采卵时间，不同微注射针参数及不同培养液对细胞质单精子注入的影响。结果表明，ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ采卵，用针尖内径为４－５μｍ，斜面角度为３５－４０度的微注射针进行ＩＣＳＩ操作受精后卵子置ＣＺＢ中培养可获得较多的２细胞胚，卵裂率明显     

Health-related quality of life under six months' treatment of migraine—an open clinic-based longitudinal study

Health-related quality of life (HQL) assessment in the clinical setting have distinguished subjective perceptions (e.g. well-being), signssymptoms of the disease, and functional capacity as three major components. The impact of short-term treatment for migraine attacks on these variables was evaluated in an open prospective 6-month study at the Gothenburg Migraine Clinic. Socio-economic factors, subjective symptoms, and general well-beingquality of life were evaluated by self-administered questionnaires in 99 patients with migraine with or without aura in accordance with the classification of the International Headache Society. Short-term treatment comprising conventional therapy or subcutaneous sumatriptan reduced number of days per month with migraine and absenteeism from work, migraine-associated symptoms, but did not significantly improve general well-being between attacks. Future assessment of the patients' HQL in accordance with this approach would enable us to consider all the advantages and disadvantages of current therapies of particular interest in the field of migraine.